Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> φυσικη ιστορια: οι μελισσες εξαφανιζονται χωρις να αφηνουν ιχνη!

φυσικη ιστορια

Τρίτη, Μαΐου 04, 2010

οι μελισσες εξαφανιζονται χωρις να αφηνουν ιχνη!

Η αποκάλυψη: τουλάχιστον το ένα τρίτο του πληθυσµού των µελισσών στις ΗΠΑ δεν κατάφερε να επιβιώσει αυτόν τον χειµώνα. Το συµπέρασµα: ο πλανήτης βρίσκεται αντιµέτωπος µε την απειλή µιας τεράστιας βιολογικής καταστροφής. 
Ο αφανισµός των περίπου 2,3 εκατ. µελισσιών άρχισε στις ΗΠΑ το 2006. Από τότε, έχουν πεθάνει δισεκατοµµύρια µέλισσες σε όλον τον κόσµο και οι ειδικοί προσπαθούν να αναζητήσουν τα αίτια κρούοντας παράλληλα τον κώδωνα του κινδύνου: η µεγάλη µείωση του πληθυσµού τους θα έχει ανυπολόγιστες συνέπειες στις καλλιέργειες. Εκτιµάται ότι το ένα τρίτο των τροφίµων που καταναλώνουµε εξαρτάται άµεσα από την επικονίαση.

Οι ειδικοί πιστεύουν ότι αυτό το ανησυχητικό φαινόµενο έχει διάφορες αιτίες, όπως η δράση παρασίτων, οι µολύνσεις από ιούς και βακτήρια και οι εντατικές καλλιέργειες. Φαίνεται, ωστόσο, ότι ο κυριότερος λόγος είναι τα παρασιτοκτόνα. Αµερικανοί επιστήµονες εντόπισαν περισσότερα από 121 διαφορετικά παρασιτοκτόνα σε δείγµατα µελισσών, κεριού και γύρης. «Οι µέλισσες συµβάλλουν στην παγκόσµια διατροφική ασφάλεια και η εξάλειψή τους θα µπορούσε να οδηγήσει σε µια φοβερή βιολογική καταστροφή», επισηµαίνουν.

ΕξαφανισµένεςΑυτό που δεν µπορούν να εξηγήσουν οι επιστήµονες είναι ότι σε πολλές περιπτώσεις οι κυψέλες βρίσκονται άδειες χωρίς τις νεκρές µέλισσες. Οι ειδικοί έχουν ονοµάσει αυτό το φαινόµενο «σύνδροµο Μary Celeste» από το διασηµότερο πλοίο - φάντασµα της Ιστορίας, το οποίο είχε βρεθεί να πλέει ακυβέρνητο και µε εξαφανισµένο το πλήρωµά του ανάµεσα στις Αζόρες και το Γιβραλτάρ. Σχεδόν 150 χρόνια από τότε, το µυστήριο του «Μary Celeste» παραµένει άλυτο.

Από τον µακρύ κατάλογο των καλλιεργειών που γονιµοποιούν µεταξύ άλλων οι µέλισσες τροφοδοτείται η ανθρωπότητα µε ζωτικής σηµασίας αγαθά όπως τα πορτοκάλια, τα µήλα, τα κρεµµύδια, τα καρότα, τα καρύδια, τα ηλιοτρόπια, ο καφές, η σόγια, το τριφύλλι, το βαµβάκι. Η εξάλειψη των µελισσών θα µπορούσε να σηµάνει ότι από τη διατροφή µας θα απουσίαζαν τα δηµητριακά και από την κλωστοϋφαντουργία το βαµβάκι. Θα µπορούσε να οδηγήσει ακόµη στην κατάρρευση της διατροφικής αλυσίδας που συντηρεί την άγρια πανίδα. 



http://www.tanea.gr/default.asp?pid=2&ct=2&artid=4572915
posted by Εύα at 7:06 μ.μ.

47 Comments:

Δε θυμάμαι ποιος το είχε πει (πιθανότατα ο Αϊνστάιν): Από τη στιγμή που θα εξαφανιστούν ΤΕΛΕΙΩσ όλες οι μέλισσες του πλανήτη, στην ανθρωπότητα απομένουν μονάχα 4 χρόνια ζωής.
Τραγικό, indeed!

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